Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Basics | Learn Classes, Objects & OOP Concepts

Introduction

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that represents real-world entities as objects. Each object has attributes (data) and methods (actions). OOP makes your code reusable, modular, and easier to maintain.

Class

Obj1

Obj2

Obj3

Understand why OOP is crucial for modern software development.
Learn main concepts: Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction.
समझें कि modern software development में OOP क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है।
मुख्य concepts सीखें: Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction।

Core OOP Concepts

Class

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines attributes and methods that the objects will have.

Object

An object is an instance of a class with its own unique data and behavior.

Inheritance

Inheritance allows a class (child) to inherit properties and methods from another class (parent), promoting code reuse.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism allows the same method to behave differently in different classes or contexts, making programs more flexible and extensible.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation hides the internal details of an object and exposes only what is necessary, improving security and reducing complexity.

Abstraction

Abstraction focuses on essential features while ignoring irrelevant details, helping manage complexity in large programs.

Visual Representation of Core OOP Concepts

Exercises

Practice OOP concepts by creating classes, objects, and using inheritance and polymorphism. Try building small programs to reinforce learning.

Create a `Car` class with attributes like `model`, `color` and methods `start()` and `stop()`.
Create a child class `ElectricCar` that overrides the `start()` method.
Build a mini console-based project using multiple classes interacting together.
`Car` class बनाएं जिसमें attributes जैसे `model`, `color` और methods `start()` और `stop()` हों।
Child class `ElectricCar` बनाएं जो `start()` method override करे।
Multiple classes का use करके एक mini console-based project बनाएं।

Practical Projects

Hands-on projects are the best way to master OOP. Implement small applications that use multiple classes, inheritance, and encapsulation.

Build a simple text-based bank account system using classes and methods.
Create a library management system using inheritance and encapsulation.
Develop a mini-game like Tic-Tac-Toe using OOP concepts in Python or Java.
Classes और methods का उपयोग करके एक text-based bank account system बनाएं।
Inheritance और encapsulation का उपयोग करके library management system बनाएं।
OOP concepts का उपयोग करके Python या Java में mini-game जैसे Tic-Tac-Toe बनाएं।

Practical Project Example: Bank Account System

Flowchart Example for Practical OOP Project

Interactive Python & Java Demo

View and learn Python and Java code examples for OOP concepts. Toggle between languages and listen to explanations in English or Hindi.

# Python OOP Example
class Car:
    def __init__(self, model, color):
        self.model = model
        self.color = color

    def start(self):
        print(f"{self.model} is starting.")

    def stop(self):
        print(f"{self.model} has stopped.")

class ElectricCar(Car):
    def start(self):
        print(f"{self.model} (Electric) is silently starting.")

mycar = ElectricCar("Tesla Model 3", "Red")
mycar.start()
mycar.stop()

// Java OOP Example
class Car {
    String model, color;
    Car(String m, String c){ model=m; color=c; }
    void start(){ System.out.println(model+" is starting."); }
    void stop(){ System.out.println(model+" has stopped."); }
}
class ElectricCar extends Car{
    ElectricCar(String m,String c){ super(m,c); }
    @Override
    void start(){ System.out.println(model+" (Electric) is silently starting."); }
}
public class Demo{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ElectricCar mycar = new ElectricCar("Tesla Model 3","Red");
        mycar.start();
        mycar.stop();
    }
}

Conclusion

Mastering Object-Oriented Programming is essential for writing clean, maintainable, and scalable software. Practice regularly with exercises, practical projects, and by reading and modifying code examples.

Introduction

Core OOP Concepts

Class

Object

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Abstraction

Exercises

Practical Projects

Interactive Python & Java Demo

Conclusion

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